Java Executor Framework

- Java <mark> **Executor** </mark> is an interface that provides a way to execute tasks asynchronously. It provides a simple way to manage thread creation and execution by abstracting away the details of thread management. With the Executor interface, you can submit tasks to be executed by an underlying thread pool.

- <mark>**Executors**</mark> is a class that provides factory methods for creating instances of the Executor interface. The Executors class provides a way to create thread pools of different sizes and types. It also provides methods for creating specialized thread pools, such as cached thread pools, fixed-size thread pools, and scheduled thread pools.

- <mark>**ExecutorService**</mark> is an interface that extends the Executor interface and provides additional methods for managing and controlling the execution of tasks. It provides methods for submitting tasks, waiting for tasks to complete, and shutting down the executor service.

Here are some key features of the Executor, Executors, and ExecutorService frameworks:

- **Thread Pool Management:** With these frameworks, you can easily manage thread pools without having to manually create and manage threads. The thread pool manages the creation, execution, and termination of threads.

- **Task Management:** You can submit tasks to be executed by the thread pool. Tasks can be in the form of Runnable or Callable objects.
- **Concurrent Execution:** With the `Executor`, `Executors`, and `ExecutorService` frameworks, you can execute multiple tasks concurrently, improving the performance of your application.

- **Thread Safety:** These frameworks are designed to be thread-safe, which means that they can be used in a multi-threaded environment without causing issues related to concurrency.

Here's an example of how to use the Executor, Executors, and ExecutorService frameworks:

```
// Creating a fixed-size thread pool with Executors
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

// Submitting tasks to the thread pool
executorService.submit(new Task1());
executorService.submit(new Task2());
executorService.submit(new Task3());

// Shutting down the executor service
executorService.shutdown();



```

In the example above, we create a fixed-size thread pool with 10 threads using the `Executors.newFixedThreadPool()` method. We then submit three tasks to the thread pool using the `executorService.submit()` method.Finally, we shut down the executor service using the `executorService.shutdown()` method. This ensures that all tasks are completed before the application exits.

In summary, the Java Executor, Executors, and ExecutorService frameworks provide a convenient and efficient way to manage concurrent tasks in a Java application. They abstract away the details of thread management and provide a way to execute tasks asynchronously, improving the performance of your application.